Go version

go version go1.21.4 darwin/arm64

Output of go env in your module/workspace:

GO111MODULE=''
GOARCH='arm64'
GOBIN=''
GOCACHE='/Users/slimm609/Library/Caches/go-build'
GOENV='/Users/slimm609/Library/Application Support/go/env'
GOEXE=''
GOEXPERIMENT=''
GOFLAGS=''
GOHOSTARCH='arm64'
GOHOSTOS='darwin'
GOINSECURE=''
GOMODCACHE='/Users/slimm609/go/1.21.4/pkg/mod'
GONOPROXY=''
GONOSUMDB=''
GOOS='darwin'
GOPATH='/Users/slimm609/go/1.21.4'
GOPRIVATE=''
GOPROXY='https://proxy.golang.org,direct'
GOROOT='/Users/slimm609/.goenv/versions/1.21.4'
GOSUMDB='sum.golang.org'
GOTMPDIR=''
GOTOOLCHAIN='auto'
GOTOOLDIR='/Users/slimm609/.goenv/versions/1.21.4/pkg/tool/darwin_arm64'
GOVCS=''
GOVERSION='go1.21.4'
GCCGO='gccgo'
AR='ar'
CC='clang'
CXX='clang++'
CGO_ENABLED='0'
GOMOD='/Users/slimm609/IdeaProjects/github/checksec.sh/go.mod'
GOWORK=''
CGO_CFLAGS='-O2 -g'
CGO_CPPFLAGS=''
CGO_CXXFLAGS='-O2 -g'
CGO_FFLAGS='-O2 -g'
CGO_LDFLAGS='-O2 -g'
PKG_CONFIG='pkg-config'
GOGCCFLAGS='-fPIC -arch arm64 -pthread -fno-caret-diagnostics -Qunused-arguments -fmessage-length=0 -ffile-prefix-map=/var/folders/cl/88g2hzkn0jxf3v7gvrgkrs8h0000gn/T/go-build19984873=/tmp/go-build -gno-record-gcc-switches -fno-common'

What did you do?

checking for the existing of DT_BIND_NOW flag on binaries does not always properly report. 

package main

import (
    "debug/elf"
    "fmt"
    "os"
)

file, _ := elf.Open(/usr/bin/wget)
defer file.Close()

bind, _ := file.DynValue(24)
fmt.Println(bind)

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int false__stack_chk_fail(int a) { return a; }

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
  char buf[16];
  int (*op)(int) = false__stack_chk_fail;

  if (argc>1)
    strcpy(buf,argv[1]);
  else
    strcpy(buf,"test");

  printf("%s,%d\n", buf, op(42));

  sleep(2);
  return 0;
}

gcc -o test test.c -w -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3 -fstack-protector-strong -fpie -O2 -z relro -z now -z noexecstack -pie -s

What did you see happen?

when compiling with Rocky Linux 9 gcc.

the debug/elf check for file.DynValue(24) returns [0] to indicate that it includes BIND_NOW (This returns properly)

gcc version 11.4.1 20231218 (Red Hat 11.4.1-3) (GCC) on Rocky Linux 9

readelf -d test

Dynamic section at offset 0xfd70 contains 28 entries:
  Tag        Type                         Name/Value
 0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED)             Shared library: [libc.so.6]
...
 0x0000000000000018 (BIND_NOW)
 0x000000006ffffffb (FLAGS_1)            Flags: NOW PIE
 ...

However, when running the same code on ubuntu:22.04, this does NOT return properly

the debug/elf check for file.DynValue(24) returns [] to indicate that it BIND_NOW is not set (This does NOT return properly)

gcc version 11.4.0 (Ubuntu 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04)

but readelf shows that the BIND_NOW flag IS set.

readelf -d test

Dynamic section at offset 0xd70 contains 28 entries:
  Tag        Type                         Name/Value
 0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED)             Shared library: [libc.so.6]
...
 0x000000000000001e (FLAGS)              BIND_NOW
 0x000000006ffffffb (FLAGS_1)            Flags: NOW PIE
...

from what it looks like, there are set in different places.

0x000000000000001e (FLAGS) BIND_NOW (ubuntu) 0x0000000000000018 (BIND_NOW) (rocky)

But both of them are proper.

What did you expect to see?

Both would be expected to return [0] to indicate that it is set properly on the binary.

Additional info on RELRO: https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/hardening-elf-binaries-using-relocation-read-only-relro

Comment From: gabyhelp

Similar Issues

(Emoji vote if this was helpful or unhelpful; more detailed feedback welcome in this discussion.)

Comment From: ianlancetaylor

This is working as expected. ELF is not as simple as one might expect. The File.DynValue function correctly returns the value of the DT_BIND_NOW tag. In the Ubuntu case the executable does not have a DT_BIND_NOW tag. Instead it has set the DF_BIND_NOW flag on the DT_FLAGS tag. To test for that you will have to write something like (untested) file.DynValue(elf.DT_FLAGS) & elf.DF_BIND_NOW != 0.