Golang runtime/pprof: crash "cannot read stack of running goroutine" in goroutine profile [1.24 backport]

@rhysh requested issue #74090 to be considered for backport to the next 1.24 minor release.

@gopherbot please backport. The same root cause also affects Go 1.23 and Go 1.24 (not as crashes, but as incomplete profiles when collected early in a the program's lifetime) in the form of #74338.

Comment From: gopherbot

Change https://go.dev/cl/684017 mentions this issue: [release-branch.go1.24] runtime: handle system goroutines later in goroutine profiling

Comment From: gopherbot

Closed by merging CL 684017 (commit 21b488bb60a48cc6b284b511855fddc3f1b1f2a8) to release-branch.go1.24.