Golang runtime/pprof: crash "cannot read stack of running goroutine" in goroutine profile [1.23 backport]

@rhysh requested issue #74090 to be considered for backport to the next 1.23 minor release.

@gopherbot please backport. The same root cause also affects Go 1.23 and Go 1.24 (not as crashes, but as incomplete profiles when collected early in a the program's lifetime) in the form of #74338.

Comment From: gopherbot

Change https://go.dev/cl/684097 mentions this issue: [release-branch.go1.23] runtime: handle system goroutines later in goroutine profiling

Comment From: gopherbot

Closed by merging CL 684097 (commit dac4567503215483ce47f82fa8d15463f6da2d1f) to release-branch.go1.23.