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Reproducible Example

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

rng = np.random.default_rng()
n_rows = 3000000
timestamps = rng.random(n_rows) * 1000
theta = rng.random(n_rows) * 666
random_df = pd.DataFrame({"timestamp":timestamps, "theta": theta})
random_df.sort_values("timestamp")
random_df.to_csv("D:\\random_df.csv")

test_df = pd.read_csv("D:\\random_df.csv")
current_time = 0
for trial in np.arange(0,50):
    end_time = current_time + 10.0
    selected_data = test_df.loc[(test_df["timestamp"]>current_time) & (test_df["timestamp"]<end_time),"theta"]
    print(f"trial {trial}, {selected_data.shape[0]} rows found")
    if selected_data.shape[0]==0:
        selected_data = test_df.loc[(test_df["timestamp"]>current_time) & (test_df["timestamp"]<end_time),"theta"]
        print(f"tried again, {selected_data.shape[0]} rows found")
    current_time = end_time + 1.0

Issue Description

Hi all, I'm trying to select data from a large (3 million rows, 0.5GB) dataframe that I created previously and saved as a csv, then read back into a csv. Randomly and without throwing any errors, selecting data based on some condition returns an empty series, even though the data exists. If I run the same code multiple times, the selection of data fails for different subsets of data. If within the same code I check whether an empty df has been returned and then try to select the exact same data again, the data is often (but not always) found. If this is a memory issue, it seems like an error should be thrown. Thanks!!

Expected Behavior

Data is selected on the first try or an error is thrown if it's a memory issue.

Installed Versions

INSTALLED VERSIONS ------------------ commit : 4665c10899bc413b639194f6fb8665a5c70f7db5 python : 3.13.7 python-bits : 64 OS : Windows OS-release : 10 Version : 10.0.19045 machine : AMD64 processor : Intel64 Family 6 Model 165 Stepping 5, GenuineIntel byteorder : little LC_ALL : None LANG : en_US.UTF-8 LOCALE : English_United States.1252 pandas : 2.3.2 numpy : 2.3.3 pytz : 2025.2 dateutil : 2.9.0.post0 pip : 25.2 Cython : None sphinx : None IPython : None adbc-driver-postgresql: None adbc-driver-sqlite : None bs4 : None blosc : None bottleneck : 1.4.2 dataframe-api-compat : None fastparquet : None fsspec : None html5lib : None hypothesis : None gcsfs : None jinja2 : None lxml.etree : None matplotlib : None numba : None numexpr : 2.11.0 odfpy : None openpyxl : None pandas_gbq : None psycopg2 : None pymysql : None pyarrow : None pyreadstat : None pytest : None python-calamine : None pyxlsb : None s3fs : None scipy : None sqlalchemy : None tables : None tabulate : None xarray : None xlrd : None xlsxwriter : None zstandard : None tzdata : 2025.2 qtpy : None pyqt5 : None None