Spring Used application context is paused and restarted in the TestContext framework

We noticed that our tests which use @SpringBootTest run much slower after upgrading to Spring Boot 4.0.

We noticed that the application context is reused between tests from a single test class.

But the application context is paused and restarted between test classes while all test classes are using the same context. This is enforced by extending an abstract class which contains the configuration.

We enabled the DEBUG level to make sure only 1 context is in the cache during the build:

Spring test ApplicationContext cache statistics: [DefaultContextCache@1edd726c size = 1, maxSize = 32, contextUsageCount = 1, parentContextCount = 0, hitCount = 48, missCount = 1, failureCount = 0]

We noticed that SpringExtension.afterAll will call testContextManager.afterTestClass(). This will mark the context as unused and as a consequence will pause the context. When the new test runs it will fetch the same context from the cache and restart it.

This is the stack trace causing the context to be paused:

at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultContextCache.unregisterContextUsage(DefaultContextCache.java:226)
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.unregisterContextUsage(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:225)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.markApplicationContextUnused(DefaultTestContext.java:155)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.afterTestClass(TestContextManager.java:559)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.afterAll(SpringExtension.java:183)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor$$Lambda/0x00000fc002f0bc00.invoke(Unknown Source:-1)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.CallbackSupport.lambda$invokeAfterCallbacks$1(CallbackSupport.java:49)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.CallbackSupport$$Lambda/0x00000fc002eeec00.execute(Unknown Source:-1)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:74)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.CallbackSupport.lambda$invokeAfterCallbacks$0(CallbackSupport.java:49)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.CallbackSupport$$Lambda/0x00000fc002eee800.accept(Unknown Source:-1)
at org.junit.platform.commons.util.CollectionUtils.forEachInReverseOrder(CollectionUtils.java:213)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.CallbackSupport.invokeAfterCallbacks(CallbackSupport.java:48)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.invokeAfterAllCallbacks(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:493)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.after(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:271)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.after(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:88)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$5(NodeTestTask.java:186)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask$$Lambda/0x00000fc002effc00.execute(Unknown Source:-1)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:74)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$1(NodeTestTask.java:186)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask$$Lambda/0x00000fc001324c00.invoke(Unknown Source:-1)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:138)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$0(NodeTestTask.java:164)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask$$Lambda/0x00000fc001324800.execute(Unknown Source:-1)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:74)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:163)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:116)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService$$Lambda/0x00000fc001326400.accept(Unknown Source:-1)
at java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1604)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:42)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$2(NodeTestTask.java:180)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask$$Lambda/0x00000fc001325000.execute(Unknown Source:-1)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:74)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$1(NodeTestTask.java:166)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask$$Lambda/0x00000fc001324c00.invoke(Unknown Source:-1)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:138)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$0(NodeTestTask.java:164)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask$$Lambda/0x00000fc001324800.execute(Unknown Source:-1)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:74)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:163)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:116)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.submit(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:36)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.execute(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:52)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestEngine.execute(HierarchicalTestEngine.java:58)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.executeEngine(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:246)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.failOrExecuteEngine(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:218)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:179)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:108)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.lambda$execute$0(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:66)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator$$Lambda/0x00000fc001305c00.accept(Unknown Source:-1)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.withInterceptedStreams(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:157)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:65)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:125)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:114)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:93)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DelegatingLauncher.execute(DelegatingLauncher.java:48)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.InterceptingLauncher.lambda$execute$0(InterceptingLauncher.java:41)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.InterceptingLauncher$$Lambda/0x00000fc001229000.proceed(Unknown Source:-1)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.ClasspathAlignmentCheckingLauncherInterceptor.intercept(ClasspathAlignmentCheckingLauncherInterceptor.java:25)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.InterceptingLauncher.execute(InterceptingLauncher.java:40)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DelegatingLauncher.execute(DelegatingLauncher.java:48)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junitplatform.JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor$CollectAllTestClassesExecutor.processAllTestClasses(JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor.java:135)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junitplatform.JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor$CollectAllTestClassesExecutor.access$000(JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor.java:110)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junitplatform.JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor.stop(JUnitPlatformTestClassProcessor.java:104)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.SuiteTestClassProcessor.stop(SuiteTestClassProcessor.java:64)
at java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm$DMH/0x00000fc0011ec000.invokeInterface(LambdaForm$DMH:-1)
at java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm$MH/0x00000fc0011ec800.invoke(LambdaForm$MH:-1)
at java.lang.invoke.Invokers$Holder.invokeExact_MT(Invokers$Holder:-1)
at jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invokeImpl(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:154)
at jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:104)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:565)
at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.MethodInvocation.invokeOn(MethodInvocation.java:77)
at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:28)
at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:19)
at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ContextClassLoaderDispatch.dispatch(ContextClassLoaderDispatch.java:33)
at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ProxyDispatchAdapter$DispatchingInvocationHandler.invoke(ProxyDispatchAdapter.java:88)
at jdk.proxy2.$Proxy6.stop(Unknown Source:-1)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker$3.run(TestWorker.java:194)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.executeAndMaintainThreadName(TestWorker.java:126)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.execute(TestWorker.java:103)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.execute(TestWorker.java:63)
at org.gradle.process.internal.worker.child.ActionExecutionWorker.execute(ActionExecutionWorker.java:56)
at org.gradle.process.internal.worker.child.SystemApplicationClassLoaderWorker.call(SystemApplicationClassLoaderWorker.java:122)
at org.gradle.process.internal.worker.child.SystemApplicationClassLoaderWorker.call(SystemApplicationClassLoaderWorker.java:72)
at worker.org.gradle.process.internal.worker.GradleWorkerMain.run(GradleWorkerMain.java:69)
at worker.org.gradle.process.internal.worker.GradleWorkerMain.main(GradleWorkerMain.java:74)